It is Okay for the Church to Defend Itself

A Public Square Magazine article has been making the rounds about the history behind the Church being caught flat-footed in responding to probably the most influential piece of anti-Mormon literature of the 2010s. Not that people in the Church ecosystem didn’t have good responses, but at the time it hit the traditional institution on whom such a response would normally fall (the Maxwell Institute) had recently shifted emphasis, leading to a lacuna, and responses fell on the back of volunteers who had families to feed and callings to fulfill, so they were predictably delayed and probably less developed than they would have been had there been more institutional resources behind them. (There’s been some debate about whether the PDF argument in the Public Square Magazine article holds up according to the timeline, but that’s not the main point of the article.)

We’ve seen versions of this before. A book painting a very unfavorable picture about the Church during the Third Reich that by all accounts wasn’t very rigorous received pushback from our own Jonathan Green, once again on his own time while feeding a family, and the subject has only recently received a more thorough primary source-based treatment (and even then only in summary form) by an adjunct BYU employee doing side work for the BH Roberts Foundation.  

When Church members were accused of shouting racial epithets at a volleyball game, if I recall correctly (open to correction on this point, working off of memory and a basic search), it took investigative reporting by the Cougar Chronicle, a largely right-wing, independent journalistic outfit (sidebar, oh how times have changed when it’s the right wingers that have the edgy investigative journalistic outfits), to give BYU ammunition to walk back its banning of the student involved and later put out a statement that they found no evidence of the epithet. 

In each case no basic, institutional due diligence was done on any of these attack vectors. So should the Church fund hit teams that dredge up ad-hominems? Should they put all their time and resources into playing defense? 

No, and the specter of those boogeymen is used to run interference against even basic fact checking for hit pieces against the Church, although it is true that some stupid things were done in the FARMS years that gave the anti-apologists within the Church enough rope to hang them with, and I suspect (baldly speculating) that some of the inertia away from FARMS was part of the post-Prop-8 pendulum swing that we’re now seeing the counter-swing to.  

And sure, some of those antagonistic materials might have good points that the Church would then need to wrestle with, but only after those points have been vetted and fact-checked. I don’t see why a healthy, robust, proactive defense should be controversial for the Church or any institution for that matter, whether it’s an ecclesiastical organization or the Coca-Cola corporation. After we’ve heard their side of the story we can make up our own minds, but it would be weird to be incensed at Coca-Cola for double checking the numbers of papers that find negative effects of their product.   

Some may argue that that should be the responsibility for public affairs and not an outfit like FARMS, FAIR, or Scripture Central, but that’s a misreading of what public affairs is. Public affairs as a profession is involved in the here and now, they aren’t involved in hard vs. loose translation, Duetero-Isaiah, or what have you, issues that could use faith-affirming responses without the Church feeling obligated to stake some official position in this or that theory (since they are theories after all). Those are more esoteric issues that yes, occasionally seep into public affairs issues, but for the most part that’s not their jam or what their training is in.  

There are a lot of personalities and drama involved in the Maxwell Institute and its legacy that I have no desire to comment on in terms of the particulars, but whatever was going on it is fairly indisputable that the Church’s affiliated institutions, with all their resources, willing hands, and brainpower, took a very long time to muster any kind of a systematic response to the most effective piece of anti-Mormon propaganda of its decade (or virtually any piece of anti-Mormon propaganda in that decade), and that’s a demonstrable fail unless you’re part of that very niche, elite group that thinks that the truth and authority claims don’t matter, and that the Church can coast by on nostalgia, history, and culture. 

Of course things are better now, we have a variety of organizations that have filled the hole left by the old Maxwell Institute (although I suspect they could still hire a few more footnote checkers), and as long as those institutions are doing the basic due diligence work on hit pieces I see no reason why the Maxwell Institute can’t keep doing what it has been doing, but there should never be any skittishness about any non-evil institution directly defending itself.


Comments

21 responses to “It is Okay for the Church to Defend Itself”

  1. I’ve had similar thoughts for a while. It’s okay for us to unapologetically tell our own story (and if we don’t, no one else will). It’s okay to ask to be treated with respect. Inaccurate claims, false statements and bad footnotes do not reveal some deeper truth about the Church.

  2. Stephen Fleming

    This is a tricky issue, and I think it really highlights the issue of preferences of approaches. Since the ’90s, many had found the more belligerent apologetic approaches off-putting. No doubt others felt like belligerence was the right approach. I see church apologetics as a difficult thing that will often leave a chunk of people unsatisfied.

    For me, one of the most important comments on FARMS apologetics was an old blog post at Faith Promoting Rumor by TT. Bottom line, said TT, the approach of the FARMS apologists in the 90s was a real turn off to the rising generation of scholars so that almost none of the generation getting their PhDs after 2000 were interested in following in FARMS’s footstep.

    That’s what I observed and it left Mormon apologetics with a real dearth of experts (yes I know there are some, but not a lot of PhDs after the original FARMS guys).

    These church critics (no, I don’t agree with their worldview) make a point of the lack of expertise among the apologists who worked on an apologetic video at Scripture Central. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhWbpmf4SsA

    My feeling as I would read the old FARMS apologetics was a frustration that the writers very often weren’t giving me “the whole story.” It felt too much like what I call “defense attorney” scholarship: just picking the data that fit the apologists religious assumptions. As I posted over at the JI, that is a TERRIBLE way to do history. https://juvenileinstructor.org/study-and-faith-3-objectives/

    So I really wanted to take a different approach. Rather than insisting that evidence match a preconceived notion (even when it does not), scholars should try to figure out what the evidence indicates and THEN work to make meaning of it. https://juvenileinstructor.org/study-and-faith-4-adjusting-beliefs/

  3. I think that the importance of the essays and information now available in the Gospel Library should not be underestimated. It is one thing for unofficial defenders to generate (ideally) good information. But the Church’s incorporation, or at least acknowledgement, of that information gives it sense of legitimacy (not to mention reach) with members that it wouldn’t otherwise have. And it reduces the faith/cognitive dissonance generated from scholarship on the one-hand, and self-certified correlated materials that are out of touch on the other.

    Further, the Church has had to carefully consider what is worth defending and, to its credit, has even scaled back its claims in certain places (e.g. Lamanites and Native American ancestry). While other organizations can help enrich the intellectual landscape, only the Church can make those kinds of decisions.

  4. Vaughn Cox

    “When an old yellow dog bites you, do you bite it back”. This is a quote I heard many years ago. It was attributed to Joseph F Smith when he was asked why he didn’t respond to all of the putrid things that were published about the Church in the media. I guess he had more important things to do and didn’t want to be distracted.

  5. Stephen C

    @Fleming: But I don’t think those options are mutually exclusive. There’s definitely a place for the objective academic model, but there’s also a place for the legal advocate model where you know where they’re coming from and they make the best argument they can. If you were to submit a response to the CES Letter for peer review (or the Letter itself) it would get desk rejected, that’s just not what academic journals do along a lot of different dimensions, so in a sense the just let the academic do their thing and let the cards fall where they may doesn’t make sense because academic tools weren’t designed to speak to the language, methods, and approaches of critical/apologetics debates, even if sometimes they touch on the same issues and the interface is important.

    @Vaughn Cox: I think there’s a lot of truth to that and I don’t think the brethren should feel obligated to respond to every attack, but simply responding with a correction when a falsehood is rapidly spreading (for example, when the Church responded to Under the Banner of Heaven), isn’t getting dirty in a mud fight.

  6. Stephen Fleming

    The long history of apologetics has suggested it being a tricky pursuit. Again, many found more belligerent approaches off-putting and problematic. At the same time, I’ve heard a number of people in faith crises claim that their crises BEGAN by reading the church’s essays, where they learned a lot of new stuff that troubled them.

    Ultimately our church does have some tricky topics that can be hard to talk about and on which there are a lot of different opinions.

    Plus I’ve now heard that the church is doing a lot of “outsourcing” to independent groups to make positive takes and defenses of the church. The church is giving money to such groups to spur their efforts while also maintaining some distance. To me that also highlights the challenges of defending the church.

  7. While I have a different view than you on the efficacy and truthfulness of church apologetics, I agree with your broader point of the institutions right to defend itself.

    That said from those I knew who learned aspects of church history from the CES letter the impact was greater from feeling deceived than what was in the letter itself. IMO no amount of FARMS responses were going to change that feeling. The broader impact of the Gospel Topics essays is less what they say than what their increased transparency so folks now are less shocked by something like the CES letter.

    As the public Public Square article points out and as I witnessed the success of the letter was also tied to its presentation. I strongly doubt there exists a world with distilled FARMS response in a similar format to the CES letter.

  8. Stephen C

    Stephen Fleming and Ryan R: I do think the “I didn’t know about that tough issue” is a one-generation thing, and was inevitable. For example, as we’ve noted before, virtually all members believe JS practiced polygamy.

    https://timesandseasons.org/index.php/2024/03/how-big-is-joseph-smith-polygamy-denialism-in-the-church-insights-from-the-b-h-roberts-foundations-current-and-former-latter-day-saint-survey/

    And yes, the presentation was a big part of it, you’ll find no disagreement from me that pre-CES apologetics were not the most pithy or readable. Pre-CES letter the apologetics/critics debates took the form of “read my 200 page treatise.” The Letter was one of the first documents in the apologetics/critics back and forth that followed basic rules of graphic design and communications.

  9. All these niche apologetic or anti podcasters or sites can seem like ghettos. I’m too old to know how to represent the Church well on Tiktok, but think I would suggest effort in a different way for the internet:

    If I were the Church I would pay disciple academics to update Wikipedia on Church subjects. It might be happening but make the intertexuality and content/messages of the BOM more accessible. Post more about Brigham Young’s teaching and humor so he’s complex and not a cartoon racist. Make the stories of minority Saints be more prevalent. Show the Church finances are really just a spiritual directed wealth transfer to developing nations on Wikipedia. Communicate Pathways better and the 1.3 billion donated annually. Help folks know what a ward or membership is really like for a normal person.

  10. In the immediate post-FARMS era, the idea was not infrequently expressed that traditional apologetics were not just unnecessary, but small-minded and harmful. According to this perspective, what was needed was a new type of scholarship that would help the Church realize its own potential (which I had assumed was the job of the apostles, but I digress).

    But that turned out to be wrong. You actually do need people who are competent, qualified and willing to point out inaccuracies. And it’s a lot of work – it takes 10-20 times as long to write a negative review as it does to write a positive review. It’s also thankless work that is likely to be ignored or resented, because for some people, a book that says terrible things about the Church is very useful, and who reads footnotes anyway?

    Yeah, sometimes I rolled my eyes at a 200-page monstrosity from FARMS that could have easily been 20 with some generosity and a better sense of what was worth the effort and what wasn’t. I wish more of the authors were fully academically credentialed and fully engaged in their academic disciplines. (Although they were usually miles ahead of the average anti-Mormon authors in both respects.) But it’s useful to have a source that can be counted on to respond to attacks on the Church, even if you end up disagreeing with their arguments.

  11. Stephen C.

    RL: I just wanted to point out that an organization paying people to edit their wikipedia pages is a big no no in Wikipedia land. Scientology got banned for a version of that, and BYU’s Wikipedian-in-residence who was completely scrupulous got a lifetime ban from editing Mormon related topics because of what appears to be a hit job by anti-Mormon trolls.

  12. Stephen Fleming

    Stephen C. and Jonathan, is there something you recommend? FAIR was around when the CES letter came out. Did the response need to come from BYU? Again, my understanding is that the church itself wants to “outsource” apologetics to groups not directly connected to them.

  13. Stephen C

    I think the franchised, non-centralized model is best for this kind of thing because I don’t think it would be wise for the Church to officially get involved in the nitty gritty details of apologetics debates, but the Church does have resources. For example, if FAIR had more resources they could have hired more footnote checkers and graphic designers, so I’d envision the Church basically giving grants to affiliated organizations that are doing good work. The problem with the MI hullabaloo is that they siphoned off resources that were vectored towards that kind of thing that put them somewhere else. I’m not opposed in principle to the other things they were doing, but for a very crucial time there was a resources hole for direct defense work even if there were organizations and willing volunteers.

    For some cases it might be wiser to take less the legal advocate route and more the objective researcher route as long as the researchers dutifully report the funding sources. For example, when it was clear that there was a researcher (Will Bagley) that was hell-bent on getting a particular Netflix narrative on the Mountain Meadows Massacre, and the Church was (presumably) confident that a “warts and all” book would be better they supported an OUP publication. In these cases they could give a grant to a researcher when a more academic work would be a net positive. (For example, the Church giving Jonathan or another Germanist (sp?) a grant to write a warts-and-all university press book about the Church in Nazi Germany would be a huge step up from the focus-on-the-warts narrative where it is now.)

  14. Stephen Fleming

    And Peterson very quickly formed the Interpreter after ending editing that journal at the Maxwell Institute. I think it wasn’t too long before Book of Mormon/Scripture Central formed along with quite a number of online responses to the CES Letter after it came out. I know Hales himself contributed to a number of venues. Were these efforts somehow less effective than the continuation of the journal Dan was editing at the Maxwell Institute?

  15. Stephen Fleming

    Thanks, Stephen C. I posted my last comment while you were posting yours.

    Rick Turley does directly work for the church, so his work is an interesting case. And he is now working on a biography of Joseph Smith. That sounds like a challenge.

    And we do put up book reviews here. Thanks to Chad for all his good work! He’s saying that Harper’s new book is apologetics at its best, so it looks like BYU IS putting out good work in the area.

    As your last comment indicates (to me), apologetics has been a challenging attempt at balancing many concerns.

  16. Stephen C

    Oops, the simultaneous posting happens sometimes. I think the key is the resources. There was a version of the old FARMS, but now they had been shorn of their full-time support staff, building, etc.

  17. Stephen Fleming

    My sense is since there were lots of forums like Interpreter and FAIR that did do apologetics and had a lot of funding, I don’t think the Maxwell institute moving away from that made much of a difference.

    Again, the church itself seems to like to do outsourcing.

  18. Stephen C

    I think that’s true about the funding now (although I don’t claim any insider knowledge, but I assume they get some funds), but I don’t think that was true in the immediate aftermath of the MI change, hence the lacuna.

  19. I’ve only read some of what was publicly said at the time, but it takes time to find new funding sources, start up a new organization, figure out who’s on board, and get a new journal/website going.

    Stephen C: I agree, the book should be written, but you’d want a 20th century historian to do it, and you’d want to go back to the source documents instead of primarily synthesizing prior research.

  20. I feel like the church should be doing official fact checking/PR on pieces which come from legitimate news sources. I can see why the church wouldn’t want to give publicity to something not coming from major news sources.
    I really liked dice1899’s rebuttals of the different letters on reddit.com/r/lds. I don’t think that it’s a form that really would work as a PR statement from the church.

  21. I agree with your point that it was a once in a generation event with people being surprised by the CES letter, but that is exactly the reason I don’t think a better funded FARMS would have made a difference both because the trust was broken and the FARMS model would not have reached them anyway.

    I think one the points missed is that the success of the CES letter forced a change in the way apologetics was being done. Would FARMS have made those changes independent of the letter’s success? I have my doubts.

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