{"id":14207,"date":"2011-01-18T22:46:39","date_gmt":"2011-01-19T03:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/?p=14207"},"modified":"2011-01-18T22:46:39","modified_gmt":"2011-01-19T03:46:39","slug":"nt-sunday-school-lesson-4-matthew-3-4-john-135-51","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/2011\/01\/nt-sunday-school-lesson-4-matthew-3-4-john-135-51\/","title":{"rendered":"NT Sunday School Lesson 4: Matthew 3-4; John 1:35-51"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ms\"Matthew 3<\/em><\/p>\n

Verses 1-2<\/a>: What function did the herald of a king serve in ancient times? Why did kings need heralds? Is John the herald of a king? Why does this King need a herald? Compare John\u2019s message to Jesus\u2019s message in Matthew 4:17<\/a>. Why do you think Matthew uses almost exactly the same words in each case? What is he teaching? Given Matthew\u2019s focus on Jesus\u2019 royal birth, how are we to understand \u201cthe kingdom of heaven is at hand\u201d? How many ways can you think of understanding that the kingdom of heaven is soon to come or is nearby? Does it help to know that the word \u201ckingdom\u201d might better be translated \u201creign\u201d?<\/p>\n

Verse 3<\/a>: Matthew (like the other three synoptic Gospel writers) quotes from Isaiah 40:3<\/a> to describe John\u2019s mission. (Matthew quotes from the Greek version rather than the Hebrew, which explains why there are differences between what he says and our version of Isaiah 40:3<\/a>.) How does that verse from Isaiah explain John\u2019s mission? Does it shed any light on what John means when he warns that the kingdom of heaven is at hand?<\/p>\n

Verse 4<\/a>: This verse reminds us of Elijah. (See 2 Kings 1:8<\/a>; see also Matthew 11:14<\/a> and 17:10-12<\/a>.) Why is that parallel important? Does Zechariah 13:4<\/a> teach us anything about John the Baptist?<\/p>\n

Verses 5-6<\/a>: Notice the contrast that Matthew sets up between \u201cJerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about Jordan\u201d in verse five, and the Pharisees and Sadducees in the next verse: everyone<\/em> came to be baptized, confessing their sins\u2014and many of the Pharisees and Sadducees came. Some scholars suggest that baptism was not practiced by the Jews of John\u2019s day, except by the Essenes (W. F. Albright and C. S. Mann, Matthew: Introduction, Translation, and Notes<\/em>, Anchor Bible vol. 25, [Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981] 25). Others suggest that though Jews of this time baptized converts to Judaism, they did not baptize those who were born Jews (Donald A. Hagner, Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 33A: Matthew 1-13<\/em> [Dallas: Word Books, 1993] 49. The consensus of scholars appears to be that John didn\u2019t adopt baptism from anyone in particular (David Noel Freedman, ed., Anchor Bible Dictionary<\/em> [New York: Doubleday, 1992] 1:583-84). In any case, it was understood to be a ritual by which one entered into a religious community. So when John baptizes Jews, people would probably take this as comparing them to the Gentiles. Why would this part of John the Baptist\u2019s message have been shocking?<\/p>\n

Verses 7-8<\/a>: The Pharisees and Sadducees seem not to have been political allies or allies otherwise. If anything, they probably very much disliked each other. Why does John the Baptist, and then Jesus, treat them as a group? Why does he single them out? Does his message to them differ from his message in general? How?<\/p>\n

Verse 9<\/a>: Against what mistake does John the Baptist warn the Pharisees and Sadducees? What would it mean for a Sadducee to say, \u201cI have Abraham for my father\u201d? For a Pharisee? Has God raised up children to Abraham that are not genetic children, children from stones, as it were? If so, who are they? Does this discussion of the seed of Abraham have anything to do with the fact that John baptized Jews (verse 6<\/a>)?<\/p>\n

Verse 10<\/a>: Does \u201cthe axe is laid unto the root of the trees\u201d mean the same thing here that \u201cthe kingdom of heaven is at hand\u201d means elsewhere? The idea of an unfruitful tree being cut down and burned is fairly common in the Bible. See, for example, Matthew 7:19<\/a> and 13:40<\/a>, as well as John 15:6<\/a>. Of course the same metaphor is at the heart of Jacob\u2019s quotation from the prophet Zenos (Jacob 5<\/a>). What makes that metaphor particularly appropriate?<\/p>\n

Verse 11-12<\/a>: Does verse 11 begin a new topic, or is this part of what he said to the Pharisees and Sadducees? What does John mean when he says that he isn\u2019t worthy to carry the Messiah\u2019s shoes? How is fire used metaphorically? What does cleansing by water suggest? What does cleansing by fire suggest? Can you think of any incidents of cleansing by fire in the Old Testament? Do they have any bearing on our understanding of these verses? What is the connection between the fire mentioned in verse 11 and that mentioned at the end of verse 12? Some early Christians, such as Origen (Hagner 42), understood these verses to refer to the fires of hell. Do you think that could be right? Why or why not? Might John\u2019s audience have understood the purging of the granary floor as something that has already occurred in history, perhaps at the fall of Jerusalem? Compare verses 10-12<\/a> to Malachi 4:1<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Verse 15<\/a>: What does \u201cto fulfill all righteousness\u201d mean? In the context in which Jesus said it, what did \u201crighteousness\u201d mean? What does Jesus\u2019 baptism demonstrate about him? About us?<\/p>\n

Verse 16-17<\/a>: What does the dove symbolize in the story of the Flood? Does its meaning in that story help us understand its symbolism here? In Matthew\u2019s gospel, Jesus is announced as the king at his conception, at his birth, and here at his baptism. What do you make of that? The phrase \u201cin whom I am well pleased\u201d uses a verb that in Greek is in a kind of past tense, the aorist tense. A verb in the aorist tense indicates that the action of the verb is complete or fulfilled. What does that tell us about the Father\u2019s relation to the Son? Does Matthew want us to see verses 15-17<\/a> as a fulfilment of John the Baptist\u2019s prophecy that the kingdom of God is at hand?<\/p>\n

Matthew 4<\/em><\/p>\n

Verses 1-2<\/a>: Jesus goes into the desert for forty days. What does it mean to say that the Spirit led him so that he could be tempted of (\u201ctried by\u201d or \u201cexamined by\u201d) the devil (\u201cthe seducer,\u201d \u201cthe slanderer\u201d)? What parallels do you see here between Jesus and ancient Israel? What do those parallels teach? Do Hebrews 2:18<\/a> and Alma 7:12<\/a> help us understand what happens in the desert?<\/p>\n

Some Protestant scholars have noted parallels between Satan\u2019s temptation of Jesus and his temptation of Eve:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Temptation<\/strong><\/td>\nGenesis 3<\/strong><\/td>\nMatthew 4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Appeal to physical appetite<\/td>\nYou may eat of any tree (vs. 1<\/a>)<\/td>\nYou may eat by changing stones to bread (vs. 3<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Appeal to personal gain<\/td>\nYou will not die (vs. 4<\/a>)<\/td>\nYou will not hurt your foot (vs. 6<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Appeal to power<\/td>\nYou will be like God (vs. 5<\/a>)<\/td>\nYou will have all the world\u2019s kingdoms (vss. 8-9<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

If we see these parallels, what do they teach us? (I got these parallels from Arthur Bassett, of BYU\u2019s Humanities Department.)<\/p><\/div>\n

Verses 3-4<\/a>: Satan tempts Jesus by challenging him to use his power to satisfy a basic human need. Jesus responds by quoting scripture, Deuteronomy 8:3<\/a>. What does Jesus\u2019 answer tell us about our priorities?<\/p>\n

Verses 5-7<\/a>: Satan tempts Jesus by challenging him to use his power to produce a sign of his divinity, and he quotes scripture (Psalms 91:11-12<\/a>) to justify his challenge. Jesus responds by again quoting from Deuteronomy (6:16<\/a>): \u201cYe shall not tempt [\u2018put to the test\u2019] the Lord your God, as ye tempted him in Massah.\u201d How did Israel tempt God in Massah? (See Exodus 17:1-7<\/a>.) How is that relevant to this temptation?<\/p>\n

Verses 8-10<\/a>: Like the two previous temptations, the third temptation is also about power. What does Satan offer Christ? Jesus\u2019 response this time begins with a dismissal: \u201cGet thee hence.\u201d Then Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:13<\/a>: \u201cThou shalt fear the LORD thy God, and serve him, and shalt swear by his name.\u201d In context, it is clear that this verse is a reminder that the Israelites are not to worship false gods. How is that relevant to understanding Satan\u2019s temptation?<\/p>\n

In each of the previous temptations, Satan addressed Jesus as \u201cSon of God.\u201d Why? Does it have anything to do with Matthew 3:17<\/a>? Satan does not address him in that way for the third temptation? Why not? What is the significance of the fact that Jesus answers Satan each time by quoting from the Law? How do Jesus\u2019 answers define his mission? How do they define for us what it means to be faithful?<\/p>\n

Verses 12-16<\/a>: Why does Jesus go to Galilee? Why does Jesus wait until after John\u2019s imprisonment to begin his ministry? How does Matthew understand Jesus\u2019 move to Capernaum as a fulfilment of Isaiah\u2019s prophecy that the Gospel will go the Gentiles (Isaiah 8:23-9:1, using the Greek translation of Isaiah)?<\/p>\n

Verse 17<\/a>: Jesus begins his ministry. How does this message apply to us? How is it the message that we continue to preach?<\/p>\n

Verses 18-22<\/a>: The same Greek word is translated \u201cstraightway\u201d in verse 19<\/a> and \u201cimmediately\u201d in verse 22<\/a>. By repeating that word, Matthew is emphasizing it. What does that emphasis tell us?<\/p>\n

Verses 23-25<\/a>: Why is so much of Jesus\u2019 mission dedicated to healing the sick? Does that healing have symbolic as well as literal significance? Is it related to Jesus\u2019 experience in the desert? Does it help us understand scriptures like Mosiah 4:16<\/a>, Mosiah 18:8-10<\/a>, and D&C 81:5<\/a>?<\/p>\n

John 1<\/em><\/p>\n

In verses 29-34<\/a>, John bears his testimony of Jesus\u2019 baptism and of the events of that baptism. Verses 35-51<\/a> tell us of the first disciples who followed Jesus. Why was it important for John to tell the story in verses 34-37<\/a> to the people of his day? Why is it important to us today?<\/p>\n

What does John\u2019s story about the first disciples tell us that Matthew\u2019s did not? Why might that be? The conversation between Jesus and the two disciples of John in verses 38-39<\/a> is quite prosaic. Why do you think that John included it? Does it have any meaning for us? How might we understood Jesus\u2019 question of them, \u201cWhat do you want?\u201d How might we understand their response, \u201cWhere do you abide?\u201d How might we understand his advice, \u201cCome and see\u201d?<\/p>\n

Why do you think Jesus changes Simon\u2019s name? What connotations does the word \u201cstone\u201d have?<\/p>\n

What does the story of Nathaniel\u2019s call teach us? What does Jesus promise Nathaniel and how is that significant?<\/p>\n

Please post any responses at Feast upon the Word<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Matthew 3 Verses 1-2: What function did the herald of a king serve in ancient times? Why did kings need heralds? Is John the herald of a king? Why does this King need a herald? Compare John\u2019s message to Jesus\u2019s message in Matthew 4:17. Why do you think Matthew uses almost exactly the same words in each case? What is he teaching? Given Matthew\u2019s focus on Jesus\u2019 royal birth, how are we to understand \u201cthe kingdom of heaven is at hand\u201d? How many ways can you think of understanding that the kingdom of heaven is soon to come or is nearby? Does it help to know that the word \u201ckingdom\u201d might better be translated \u201creign\u201d? Verse 3: Matthew (like the other three synoptic Gospel writers) quotes from Isaiah 40:3 to describe John\u2019s mission. (Matthew quotes from the Greek version rather than the Hebrew, which explains why there are differences between what he says and our version of Isaiah 40:3.) How does that verse from Isaiah explain John\u2019s mission? Does it shed any light on what John means when he warns that the kingdom of heaven is at hand? Verse 4: This verse reminds us of Elijah. (See 2 Kings 1:8; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":14209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1671],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sunday-school-lesson-new-testament"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/Ms2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14207"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14252,"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14207\/revisions\/14252"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timesandseasons.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}